Vertical synchronization in prior art prevents video tearing artifacts by keeping the video pipeline synchronized with the monitor. If the acceleration intention determining device determines that the driver intends to accelerate, the recommended value calculating device calculates a larger recommended value when the acceleration intention determining device determines that the driver intends to accelerate than when the acceleration intention determining device determines that the driver does not intend to accelerate. The ratcheting mechanism permits one-way sliding of the radial elements from a collapsed diameter to an expanded diameter, but inhibits radial recoil from the expanded diameter. At least some of the nanodots each have a second nano-opening formed in its surface, and are connected to each other through the second nano-opening with their crystal orientation aligned. The shoes provided on the cable-bend inner circumferential sides of the pair of link plates laterally and separately disposed have slidable-contact portions having parallelogram slidable-contact surfaces configured to face to and to mutually slidably contact with each other between upper and lower cable-bend inner circumferential sides. According to the present invention said strain gauge has sensing elements evenly provided on substantially whole periphery thereof and positioned at the predetermined distances from the center axis of the load applied portion of the strain generation portion.