The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock. In this way, interrogating devices are able to sort through sensor data stored in a network of memory devices, such as an RFID network, and report specific data of interest despite the existence of a variety of data types in the network. The inward force is sufficient to change the function of the valve, and may increase coaptation of the leaflets, for example. Each of the n-type and p-type legs is formed of a bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric material having a thickness of about 10-100 microns, a width of about 10-100 microns and a length of about 100-500 microns. The worktop comprises a heating unit to dry garments disposed on the worktop. The application of the nano-sized catalyst particles on the substrates involves electroless deposition at open-circuit, such as immersing the substrate into the colloidal solution or spraying the catalyst particles on the substrate.