Embodiments include systems, methods, and apparatuses to estimate respective first and second cumulative density functions for values of a plurality of non-volatile memory cells in a page of memory. Multiple instruction streams are generated and the instructions loop back to corresponding instruction addresses. Synthesis optimizations are performed on the partition to generate a synthesis optimization solution. A porous substrate having a thickness of 100 microns or more and comprising macropores throughout its thickness is prepared. The return tank is directly connected to the supply tank via a return line, optionally with a conveyor means connected in between. Spacing between the respective predetermined ranges of impedances is based on the predetermined tolerances.