An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescence device having excellent light emission efficiency and durability, in particular, durability when driving at a high temperature. Memory elements in successive memory layers of the memory array are configured with opposing orientations, so that half-selected memory elements arising during times when data operations are being performed on selected memory elements in the memory array are subjected to stress voltages of a polarity of which they are least susceptible to being disturbed. If a mistrust is produced in the event-ordering receipt, the user apparatus 2i verifies the event-ordering receipt with the use of data published by the certification apparatus 1 and an audit result by the audit apparatus 3. An authentication ticket is created that includes a user identification and an authentication and indicates to the online service provider that the user is authenticated to access one or more services. Preferred chemical reagents include Fecitrate, ferrocene, 2-chloro-6-pyridine and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. 4 to 60 microns, as measured using a Malvern particle size analyser with a 45 mm lens for D0,1 measurements and both a 45 mm and a 1000 mm lens for D0,9 measurements.