A liquid confinement structure configured to contain a liquid in a space between a projection system and a substrate has a recess in its lower surface which is open to both a relatively low pressure source and a relatively high pressure source and through which liquid andor gas from between the liquid confinement structure and the substrate is extracted. The organic light emitting devices optionally contain an exciton blocking layer. Reference designating parts 5 are disposed in respective host computers 3A1, 3B1 and the like. The server performs statistical processing on the user favorite data to generate value-added information according to the attributes of the user, such as the age group, the gender, and the life-style. It is determined whether a timing goal has been reached based on the timing delays.