A method for forming an aqueous carbon black dispersion including providing a reaction mixture including carbon black having a DBP uptake of greater than 90 cc100 g of the carbon black, a monovalent ion persulfate, an aqueous medium, and, in some embodiments, a strong acid; subjecting the reaction mixture to a first temperature of from 40\xb0 C. A mixture solution including elements of Group IB, IIIA, VIA or combinations thereof is provided. Additionally, the pre-screening component can identify, using the reference target, the location of one or more components of the object. To determine whether the code is safe, a determination is made as to whether the first set of code leaks criticality, including by evaluating one or more code paths corresponding to one or more callers of the first set of code, and by evaluating one or more code paths corresponding to one or more callees of the first set of code. An output then outputs the synthesized audio tones to a voice channel of a digital wireless telecommunications network. More specifically it related to a method for creating enlarged copper grains or inducing super secondary grain growth in electrochemically deposited copper in narrow trenches andor vias to be used in semiconductor devices.