Three-dimensional semiconductor devices are provided. The wireless satellite communication device may include one or more satellite antennas, one or more local antennas and circuitry. The processor represent each error signal as a collection of ordered bits, and the processor codes the bits of each order to indicate zerotree roots that are associated with the order. The associated location data points in each direction are counted and used to determine a traffic direction. An apparatus for substantially cleaning fill from a hole, including vertical, horizontal, or deviated wells also is provided. The print head arrangement is made up of several print heads each with several nozzles disposed in a nozzle row, and the nozzle rows have a printing range width as measured perpendicular to the forward feed direction which forms a total printing range width of the print head arrangement corresponding to the number of print heads.