Provided is a lithium battery in which the cathode comprises an electroactive sulfur-containing material and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and one or more capacity-enhancing reactive components. The coded data, encoded visibly or invisibly, may be queried by an appropriate sensing device. at a position opposite to the side where a nozzle for spraying a liquid sample into an atmospheric pressure atmosphere is located, as viewed from the ion-drawing port.