Methods for in vivo measurement of lead or other trace elements in bone by x-ray fluorescence without independent measurement of underlying tissue thickness are disclosed. The unified messaging proxy advantageously enables a user to be communicatively coupled with the same account on a messaging platform using multiple end user devices at the same time, allowing the user to read messages on a first end user device and send messages from a second end user device. Toroidal flux and pathways pass in the magnetizer and a portion of each such pathway passes through a spherical cavity therein, between one of the hemispheres and the gap. A separate laminator can then attach this reinforcing strip to the web at a desired location.