An apparatus for determining an abnormality of a control valve is applied to an internal combustion engine having a first supercharger, a second supercharger, a first control valve, and a second control valve. Specifically, in one embodiment, the methodology of the present invention integrates three steps: the visioning phase for creating the vision for the planned benefits; the integration phase comprising the integrating the planned benefits from the technology expenditure; and the realization phase during which the public entity incorporates a sustainable benefits realization and monitoring program. The sample and hold module is operable to sample and hold, at a rate corresponding to a multiple of the bandwidth of the filtered inbound wireless signal, the filtered inbound wireless signal to produce a frequency domain sample pulse train. , causing silicon oxide to deposit on a substrate which is disposed and cooled in the deposition chamber, scraping the silicon oxide deposit, and recovering the deposit in a recovery chamber. A fluid channel includes opposed ends in communication with respective fluid chambers. A common transmission power cap can also be computed for assigning to devices communicating with an access point, and the transmission power cap for a given device can be adjusted when the transmission power is at or a threshold level from the common power cap to conserve signaling in the wireless network.