According to various embodiments of the invention, parallax andor three-dimensional effects are added to thumbnail image displays. More specifically, the present invention relates to a bulk HME precursor detection kit and methods of using a kit that is capable of bulk detection of HME precursors, such as urea nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate. The authorization client provides each application its associated application token such that each application from the multiple applications can use that application token in order to be authenticated to an application server associated with the application.