A thermoelectric heat exchanger for heating or cooling a medium, that includes at least one first tube for carrying a first medium and at least one second tube for carrying the first medium. The demodulation function layer substrate and the extension function layer substrate can be selectively multi-layered to the decoder layer substrate in response to a broadcasting system of a digital television signal or a type of a CA module. Modified bytes corresponding to the received packet are computed and stored in a separate memory location. The line generator generates a line of illumination across the area. The flat peripheral portion of the first lens is held in contact with the flat peripheral portion of the second lens. The method comprises applying a charge to the carbon nanotube, and providing a repelling force to an adjacent structure from the carbon nanotube to which the charge has been applied.