An aspect of the invention provides a sheet conveying apparatus, an image forming apparatus, and an image reading apparatus, in which generation of skew feeding caused by the shock in pressure contact of a rotation body can be reduced. The plurality of actions are affinitized into a plurality of classes where each of the plurality of classes comprising at least one of the plurality of actions. The contrast count is decreased by a pixel counter each time the total number of pixels which have video signal levels that are higher than a predetermined video level, exceeds a predefined threshold. The invention provides a method for reliably, simply and quickly making statements regarding the seriousness and the course of a motor vehicle crash and for controlling occupant protection systems according to demand. The payment hub service then facilitates the transfer of funds from a payer institution to a payee institution to complete the transaction. The perforated plate has a first passage area having a high number of holes, a second passage area having a low number of holes at the geodetically deepest point, and a baffle plate.