An electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic layer arranged in each pixel region partitioned by a partition member disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged on the inner sides of a pair of substrates. All of them have multiple reservoir cells, a pump, a pump controller, one or more batteries on a flexible pad so that the apparatuses can be adhesive to the user’s skin as a big and thick Band-Aid. The land is connected to the individual electrode, and the dummy land is spaced from the individual electrode. A pair of cranks operably associated with the pedals provide dependent pedal motion. The base, positioning straps, and stabilizing washer are formed of a structure that does not separate the layers of the implant or form a space in the form of a pocket, and promotes more uniform and confluent tissue incorporation or in-growth after implantation.