Disclosed are a piezoelectric element, which has a high withstand voltage and a longer durability life, a manufacturing method of the piezoelectric element, a liquid-jet head, a manufacturing method of the liquid-jet head, and a liquid-jet apparatus. The alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite is preferably added to the animal feed, together with an inorganic sulfate. A metal layer is deposited on the dielectric layer and patterned to form a conductive pattern with traces leading to the electrode pads. The first panel includes a second channel intersecting the first channel. a pulse in order to switch the component on andor off.