Described herein are method and apparatus for using an LLRRM device as a storage device in a storage system. In light-emitting diodes and laser diodes employing the substrate, crack generation is prevented, even when a thick cladding layer formed of aluminum gallium nitride is stacked on the substrate. In embodiments, portions of the overall task which were assigned to the tardy thread may have been completed by other work-stealing threads, and one of the other threads may check in the tardy thread at the consensus barrier upon determining that the thread is dormant and does not have any more apportioned work to be performed. Consequently, the dynamic range is not largely narrowed either. Calibration techniques are described for various kinds of range receivers that subsequently receive the ball signal. The N-th stage outputs from the dividers in the N-th stage provide 2N-phase clock signals that are equally distributed with a same phase difference between adjacent phase clock signals.