An electrochromic system having a first electrode disposed on a transparent or translucent substrate and a second electrode, an electrolyte, an electron donor and a nanoporous-nanocrystalline film of a semiconducting metallic oxide having a redox chromophore adsorbed thereto being intermediate the first and second electrodes. The semiconductor package includes a conductive trace embedded in a base. The flat panel display comprises a symmetric diffusion film disposed at one side of the upper polarizer, and the upper polarizer adapting no compensation film.