Analyte sensors, methods for producing and using analyte sensors, methods of detecting andor measuring analyte activity, detecting pH change, andor, controlling the concentration of an analyte in a system, are disclosed. At a receiver, the virtual channel table transmitted from the transmitting side is parsed, thereby determining whether the current received channel is an active or inactive channel. This electromagnetic bandgap structure can have a small size and a low bandgap frequency. The growth habit is bushy, and attractive large bright leaves are displayed. Thus, vibration of the entire shadow mask can be extinguished positively. The method includes the steps of: allocating one or more spare areas including the temporary defect management area at an initial status of the optical disc; and during use of the optical disc, expanding the spare area allocated including the temporary defect management area to set a new spare area.