A printer may include a registration requester configured to receive an initiation request from a user to initiate a registration of the printer, and further configured to send a registration request to a cloud print service over a network. The fuel injector has a needle valve element with a base end and a tip end. As a non-limiting example, the method includes sending a handoff request message from the first RN to the second RN, and communicating between the second RN to the second PDSN and between the second PDSN and the first PDSN to accomplish the handoff; where Quality of Service information associated with the MN in the first RN is sent to the second PDSN. The substrate is treated while it is electrostatically bonded to the electrostatic carrier. The charged particles in the modulated beam are bunched longitudinally to form a bunched beam.