There is provided an aqueous dispersion for CMP with an excellent balance between chemical etching and mechanical polishing performance. The step-up frequency mixer is arranged within a phase locked loop that further comprises a frequency divider that is likewise supplied with the modulation data, combined with channel pre-selection data, for the purposes of compensation. SDR modules may comprise fixed hardware-level support for a multitude of wireless radios whose operationprotocols are defined at the software level. High-impurity regions are formed by selectively diffusing or implanting impurities into bulk lightly-doped, silicon substrate layer prior to growing an epitaxial layer. The device is suitable for the measurement of a current in automotive electronics. In certain implementations, the polymers further comprise at least one functional extension from the backbone that are any of various desired functional groups for functionalizing a carbon nanotube.