A protocol analyzer monitors a bus while a software module causes a trace packet to be generated and sent out on the bus to an invalid address. Sequence values, calculated based on secret data, are added to updates sent from the mobile node towards the correspondent node and are used by the correspondent node to authenticate updates from the mobile node. In a digital derivatives contract, a long investor agrees to pay a short investor a contract amount in return for the short investor agreeing to pay the long investor one of two different settlement amounts depending on the outcome as the contingent binary event. A vehicle engine immobilizer is responsive to the controller where the controller controls the immobilizer in response to the comparison. The second-type first heavily doped region is disposed in the first-type drift region. The thermally or UV deblocked isocyanate can be used as an active functional group for many potential applications.