An image forming method for fixing a toner image on a recording medium by passing the recording medium through a fixing nip defined between a first member and a second member under heat and pressure. The method includes, after simultaneously forming the gate insulating layer and the dielectric layer, and before forming the gate electrode and the upper electrode, introducing dopants into the second semiconductor layer from a first opening of a mask formed on a surface of the substrate to form the lower electrode, and etching a surface of the dielectric layer from the first opening of the mask. A handheld electronic device including a receiver and a communicably coupled processor can receive broadcast signals from at least some of the number of beacons, iteratively determine a vector quantity corresponding to each of the received signals, and sum the resultant vector quantities to determine an updated position. The storage unit stores the reproduced image that is based on the prediction image. The data exchange system sends data through the data pipe line by transferring the data from a target memory on the target processor with the data unit to the emulator.