A reflectometry apparatus and method is presented that allow the diffuse and specular reflectance parameters of an object to be independently and reliably measured, and that allow the variations in surface normal and surface height to be estimated. The instrument driver and user input device are positioned to removably receive distal and proximal portions, respectively, of a surgical instrument. The transaction request includes an amount to be transferred between a user account and a first bank account associated with a first bank. The resonant oscillation of the functional surface is monitored to detect changes in frequency due to mass changes of the functional surface. The package comprises two compartments, the compartments being in communication with each other via a breathable membrane. As the circuit simulation is performed using the simulation input file formed from the netlist with the unnecessary circuit disconnected, the time necessary for the circuit simulation can be reduced.