Provided a compound catalyst allowing for substitution of a rare noble metal such as platinum, palladium and the like or reduction of costs associated with the use thereof. The first phase change material layer pattern may partially fill a high aspect ratio structure, and the second phase change material layer pattern may fully fill the high aspect ratio structure. Preferably, the terminal identification information value used for the scrambling is able to use a temporary C-RNTI received via the random access response message. The apparatus switches between the direct transfer method and the indirect transfer method to print to recording medium and enables lower costs and improved printing speed. Variants of the method enable creating hierarchy of clusters and conducting incremental updates of preexisting hierarchical structures.