Methods such as Remote Plasma Nitridation are used to introduce nitrogen into a gate dielectric layer. The layered piezoelectric element includes an active portion formed of stacked piezoelectric layers each being sandwiched between a first internal electrode layer and a second internal electrode layer, and an inactive portion formed of a first end piezoelectric layer stacked on the active portion. Unique audible signals that correspond to varying results of such analysis are then provided. The Wheatstone bridge thus yields a signal that is transformed to the frequency domain by the frequency-domain transform mechanism, such as by performing a Fast Fourier Transform of the signal. Heat released during the combustion of these streams may be used to generate steam or electricity. The boosting can also be adjusted to optimize the differential input stage and current mirror maximum current requirement while maintaining minimum required bias currents.