1461024406-7ba07a9b-2aff-443a-bcf7-62c765cfc197

The invention discloses a method for forming substantially striae-free glass substrates that are suitable for optical applications, including use in forming optical elements or structures such as mirrors and platen stage structures that can be used, for example, in EUV lithography. The leakage current measurement circuit includes a charge supply, a leakage current generator and a detection signal generator. The image-acquisition system is used to obtain a measured signal representative of the selected feature.