A wheel bearing assembly for supporting a wheel is provided. In some embodiments, the factor depends on at least one characteristic of the targeted tissue. In the first step of each pair, part of the pressure energy of the fluid is converted to gravitational potential; in the second step the gravitational potential is converted into thermal energy, so as to prevent the reconversion of the same into pressure energy. Also disclosed are methods for improving the corrosion resistance, adhesive force, hardness and electron work function of certain metals. Reading and writing to the chain-of-custody memory may be performed wirelessly using an external wireless device, such as a handheld unit. The image forming apparatus includes a storing member for storing recording materials having an arbitrary size; a first input device for inputting size information corresponding to the arbitrary size of the recording materials; and a controller for controlling an image forming operation according to the size information inputted by the first input device.