An apparatus and method measure a temperature of a temperature sensing element having a temperature dependent resistance based on a ratio of discharge times of a capacitor through a reference resistance and through the combination of the reference resistance in parallel with the temperature sensing element is disclosed. The screwing position of the lens holder is controlled so that the rotational direction position of a set of the engaging grooves is coincided with a reference position of an adjusting piece. The controller operates at least one of an engine and a transmission based on the short term driving tendency index and calculates a middle term driving tendency index using the short term driving tendency index. Text features corresponding to the indentified nodes are selected, via the computing system, as a summary of the document. The user’s customized lesson may be burned to a CD, downloaded to a media player, or used in a similar fashion.