A method may include generating for transmission a repeating sequence of N constant-frequency pulses of width t seconds at interpulse intervals of T seconds, with each pulse in the sequence having a particular constant phase according to a quadratic phase sequence, which phase is applied to each pulse in a first sense of modulation. These dictionaries are transmitted preferably in conjunction with the transmission of the data and they index analyzable data fields in data formats. When parties drops out of a conference call, leaving only two parties behind, the mixer is removed from the conference call. The result is a ribbed gripping surface on the handle to improve gripability of the tool, implement, or instrument. The present disclosure provides an electrostatic charge image developing toner in which an external additive is added to toner base particles, wherein the external additive includes inorganic fine particles attached with conductive fine particles, and the conductive fine particles are attached to the inorganic fine particles with certain strength.