Various embodiments associated with an at least fourth-order cumulant of a signal are described. The digital-to-analog converter includes a preprocessing unit, a gain controller, a modulator and an output unit. Portions of the markup-language document are logically coupled with fragments of the markup-language schema. This construction can be carried the length of the sleeping bag. In this portable telephone, a plurality of functions stored in the memory are displayed on the display device under initial condition, one function is selected from a plurality of displayed functions, and then, the selected function can be operated.