This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a sucrose phosphate synthase. User input specifying a number of days for retention of each managed array of a plurality of managed arrays of television channels to be recorded by the television receiver may be received. The substrate has a first region and a second region. The sealing system includes a second sealing unit having a distal end and a proximal end, the distal end of the second sealing unit disposed on the distal end of the first sealing unit and the proximal end of the second sealing unit disposed on the second vacuum chamber. The leading-out pipe is connected to the drainage pipe, and is disposed above the glue film. The invention also provides a method for controlling transparency of the layer that transmits optical signals through the waveguide units in optoelectronic devices, such as an integrated demultiplexerphotoreceiver for optical network, by utilizing optical pumping and electrical bias.