Antibacterial compositions having enhanced antibacterial effectiveness are disclosed. The apparatus has a surface comprising an aperture, wherein the surface is configured to be moveable against an illuminated surface having a detectable texture. A defective location latching redundancy scheme assumes the column circuits including data latches for defective columns to be still useable. The fasteners and retainers are configured so when engaged a first distance between at least one of the first fastener backspans and respective first retainer backspan is different than a second distance between at least one of the second fastener backspans and respective second retainer backspan. The thin plate is bonded and fixed to a supporting substrate 5 with an adhesive 4 interposed therebetween, and a film having a higher refractive index than the thin plate is provided on a surface of the thin plate bonded and fixed to the supporting substrate so as to be in contact with a part of the optical waveguide.