Nanopore based ion-selective electrodes and methods of their manufacture as well as methods for their use are disclosed and described. This system comprises processing means interfaced between the policy server and the network equipments to allow centralized management of the policy rules and of their institution in the network equipments. The method includes a buffer layer breaking step of applying a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength having transmissivity to the epitaxy substrate and having absorptivity to the buffer layer from the back side of the epitaxy substrate to the buffer layer, thereby breaking the buffer layer. When a hot cache does not contain the content, it forwards the request to the forwarder which then forwards the request to a regular cache. The catalyst composition has the capability of substantially simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides.