A charge information calculating apparatus according to the present invention has a configuration provided with inputting means for inputting information, and charge calculating means for calculating introduction expenses of facilities required for working as a franchisee that provides automobile repairing services by a specific repairing method. Also provided are methods comprising: treating a particulate with a surface modification agent; coating the particulate with a hydrolysable coating that has an initial degradation rate to produce a coated particulate; placing the particulate in a subterranean formation; and allowing the hydrolysable coating to degrade at a second degradation rate that is slower than its initial degradation rate. The effective refrigeration capacities of the doped Gd5Ge2Si2 compound are significantly higher than for the undoped Gd5Ge2Si2 compound. The hardware apparatus may be an extension to the hardware address decode, that creates, in the physical memory address space of the node, an area of virtual memory that does not actually exist, and is therefore able to respond instantly to read and write requests from the processing elements. that are capable of using the multiple-output static gates embodied in the present invention.