Disclosed herein are sensors, and method for making an using the same. The apparatus further includes a force receiving portion to receive an external force and thereby move the movable electrodes in the one direction so as to change the overlapped area between each first fixed electrode and the corresponding movable electrode and the overlapped area between each second fixed electrode and the corresponding movable electrode. The discriminating apparatus provides a signal to an airbag controller that controls the deployment of either a side or front airbag in either the soft or normal mode. The first layer is preferably semi-permeable; the second layer is a non-permeable layer; the intermediate layer is a void-inducing layer. The graphene film can be formed prior to the graphene sheets being exposed to the one-electron oxidant solution.