Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus and manufacturing method thereof. The power supply includes circuitry for detecting an incoming call or an instruction to place an outgoing call during a power outage, and for responsively coupling the power of the capacitor to the electronics of the set so that the set can receive or place the call. An electronegative gas at substantially atmospheric pressure is configured to surround the focal point in order to suppress an ionization effect by the laser beam pulse at the focal point. This is achieved by dynamically balancing considerations of IO access time and latency with considerations of data scheduling requirements. The electrode allows electrical elements such as capacitors, energy storage devices or diodes to be made with improved properties in a cost effective way.