A system, method and article of manufacture are provided for shadow mapping while rendering a primitive in a graphics pipeline. A substantially belt-shaped crystal is formed which is crystallized so as to grow crystal grains in a direction substantially parallel to a scanning direction of a CW laser beam by scanning the CW laser beam along the substrate, thereby irradiating the CW laser beam on portions of the polycrystalline semiconductor thin film formed onto the substrate. Rotation about the longitudinal axis, which produces periodic Coriolis acceleration, as well as inertial acceleration applied perpendicular to the bending plane, generate tensile and compressive forces on the resonators thereby altering the resonant frequencies that are thus a measure of angular rate of rotation and acceleration. Each stair step includes one of the pairs of materials. The conductive path has curved regions and foldable hinge regions shaped such that the coil element may be folded into single or multi-turn coils for use in transformers and other electronic devices. Predetermined annular units have radiopaque markers each fixedly attached midway between one folded portion and a next folded portion in the linear portion located in a predetermined circumferential position.