An analog-to-digital converter function in which digital error correction is provided. The core has a radius R1 in a range of 28 to 50 microns, a refractive index profile of a parabola shape with \u03b1 being in a range of 1. A fluid outlet manifold is provided with an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet device such as a nozzle for dispersing the received fluid. The wedge diaphragm is moved in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the area light so as to adjust an amount of the area light passing through the sample. A CAM may include a circuit configured to generate a pulse indicating a hit in an entry of the CAM and a latch circuit configured to capture the pulse responsive to the first clock signal and configured to clear responsive to the second clock signal.