A tape measure that incorporates a marking device for allowing an individual to measure and mark a wide variety of materials in a more efficient and economical manner, and for measuring and marking the beginning point of reference and the measured position point simultaneously. The CAS is aware of the different channel conditions for one or more stations and adjusts its scheduling of packet transmissions in light of the same. The width and the magnitude of a pulse are determined based on the load sensor output, the running state, and the navigation velocity, and the pulse is applied to a steering as reaction torque. Thereafter, each of the collected pending payment requests is required to be validated by an authenticated primary or secondary certificate holder having the authority to validate the payment requests and only the validated corporate payment requests of the pending payment statement are cleared against the corporate account. A size S\u2032 andor a distance D\u2032 of the radioopaque marker elements in the three-dimensional raw image is measured. The representatives adopt particular roles according to customer care volume, inquiry type, time of day and other customer management needs.