A method and apparatus for displaying colored audiovisual programming in black and white is described. In the rear tray 1, there is provided a connecting member 4 which connects together the opposite corners of the inside of the closed section part 6. Moreover, driving methods used to drive the electro-optical apparatus and another electro-optical apparatus are also provided. The second egress channel directs a second portion of the blood entering the bifurcated cannula into the arterial system in a direction that opposes the first direction.