A multi-level memory cell capable of storing two or three bits of digital data occupies only four lithographic squares and requires only one or two logic level voltage sources, respectively. Said pharmaceutical compositions may be delivered to a patient using a transdermal delivery device. Each of those discharge paths is capable of performing the discharge operation at a rate that is related to either a system voltage supply or an input logic level of the data signal. And, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second substrates. In an embodiment, the reaction zone is heated to a desired temperature by applying a first aqueous solution prior to applying a second aqueous solution that is a super-heated fluid, a supercritical fluid, a high-velocity superheated fluid or a high-velocity supercritical fluid.