Techniques for controlling an application in an instant messaging environment are described. Carbonaceous semiconductor material is also prepared by heating an organic polymer containing one or more of the hetero atoms until the hetero atom-containing polymer is carbonized. The package base has a first surface, and each lead has a bonding surface. \u201cExtrinsic information\u201d in the soft-decision symbols is then decoded by the decoder to provide its extrinsic information, which comprises the a priori information used by the detector in the detection process.